Comparing Value Propositions with Users’ Perceptions to Better Understand the eValues of Electronic Marketplaces

In this paper, we question the nature and dimensions of eValues. We apply our approach to electronic marketplaces (EMPs), as an illustration of interorganizational information systems. The research is based upon 50 interviews made in 6 EMPs, and a thematic analysis on the themes linked to “the value of EMPs”. Our results categorise the different perceptions of eValues according to the different profiles: the value proposition of EMPs’ managers and the perceived values of buyer and supplier managers. We highlight that eValue is a key component that helps to distinguish three types of EMP business models: the Buy-type, the Supply-type and the Indus-type. Finally, we discuss the orientation of each business model according to the current value it offers to customers, and conclude that the concept of eValue questions the design of the model of revenue of EMPs

Collaborative sourcing - The motivation and design of demand side combinations

Collaborative sourcing is defined as a group of organisations combining on the demand side as part of the outsourcing process. Based upon a synthesis of the outsourcing and collaboration literatures, this paper seeks to examine both the benefits of collaborative sourcing and the options available. A series of case studies identifies that a number of alternative collaborative sourcing modes are possible with differing motivations – based on economies of scale but moderated by other influences – intensity – ranging from simply aggregating demand at the contracting stage to establishing a separate entity to actually provide the services – focus – from IT infrastructure through to business processes – and extent – the number of partners involved and activities covered

Knowledge Asymmetry: Are We Destined to Become the Ignorant Lords of Algorithms?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is inextricably linked to knowledge and the management of knowledge. This paper highlights the ethical concerns related to the use of algorithms in the context of hybrid intelligence teams and the dimensions of knowledge asymmetry that exist. The research question motivating our paper is: How is knowledge asymmetry characterised in Human-AI Collaboration eliciting ethical concerns? We first present a brief overview of the literature on knowledge asymmetry and knowledge transfer. We then propose four scenarios of knowledge asymmetry in Human-AI Collaboration, based on real-world cases. Finally, we highlight the ethical concerns linked with each of these scenarios

Value Creation in Collaborative Networks: The Case of RFiD Implementation

Abstract. In this article, we question the way CNs are built around the implementation of RFiD in a supply chain and what are the value creation logics among these CNs. We address three main questions: the way and types of CNs in a RFiD implementation project, the nature of the aggregator and value creation of each actor during the different phases of the project and finally the interconnections between CNs in the value creation logic. We provide answers to theses questions based on a case study that describes the implementation of the RFiD innovative technology in a jewellery supply chain

AML Modeling of Trust in Supply Chain Management

Agent Modeling Language (AML) is a semiformal visual modeling language for specifying, modeling and documenting systems in terms of concepts drawn from Multi Agent Modeling (MAS) theory. Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of network of interconnected business which spans all movements of services and goods from the point of origin to the point of consumption. In SCM, Trust modeling is an important and crucial aspect from the perspective of sustainability of the supply chain and efficient performance in business. In the supply chain, the more we trust, the more we exchange information on demand and on forecast of the last customer so as with the level of stock and on the forecast of the suppliers. In this work, we attempted to model the Trust in SCM using AML and proposed a MAS SCM model of trust in supply chain management. The proposed model is implemented using JADE and the simulation results demonstrated the impact of trust in supply chain along with the evolution of trust

Articles in French V: Perceived Value and Types of Electronic Marketplaces in the French Retail Industry : 5 Case Studies

This article examines the sustainability of vertical electronic marketplaces (EMPs) and their value to the organization and productivity of B2B exchanges. What type of value is created? How is it shared in the value chain? Based on the literature, five value dimensions are proposed: information technology (IT), competitive advantage building process, competitive game with suppliers, management of the supplier relationship, economic gains. These dimensions are illustrated by five case studies conducted with the main French retailers in 2005. The article finally discusses the nature of EMPs (private or built in consortium) with transaction cost and resource-based view theoretical backgrounds

Antimicrobial activity of Mycobacteriophage D29 Lysin B during Mycobacterium ulcerans infection

Buruli Ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Although the current antibiotic treatment for BU is effective, daily administrations for a prolonged period of time, combined with potential risk of severe side effects, negatively impact on patient adherence. In that sense, we tested the efficacy of an alternative strategy based on Lysin B (LysB), a phage encoded lipolytic enzyme that degrades the mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex present in the mycobacterial cell wall. In this study, we show that LysB not only displays lytic activity against M. ulcerans isolates in vitro, but also leads to a decrease of M. ulcerans proliferation in infected mouse footpads. These findings highlight the potential use of lysins as a novel therapeutic approach against this neglected tropical disease.The projectwas developed withinthescopeof the projectsNORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023,supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020),under the Portugal2020 Partnership Agreement through FEDER.This work was also supported by BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER -000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of NORTE2020.This study was supportedby the Portuguese Foundation for Scienceand Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit; the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE 2020) projectsPOCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007038; and the project PTDC/BBB-BSS/6471/2014 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016678). This study was also supported by Infect-ERA grant Infect-ERA/0002/2015 :BU_SPONT_HEAL. AGF,GT, and HO wouldlike to acknowledge FCT for the individual fellowships SFRH/BPD/112903/2015, SFRH/BPD/64032/2009,and SFRH/BPD/111653/2015,respectively. CMG received an individual QRENfellowship (UMINHO/BPD/15/2014). GangaGen acknowledges CSIR/ OSDD,Govt of India,for funding this project.The funders had no role in study design,data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscriptinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Knowledge sharing for innovation performance improvement in micro/SMEs: an insight from the creative sector

As economies become more reliant on innovative, knowledge-intensive firms, understanding the interaction between knowledge and improving innovation performance is increasingly important. Although most UK businesses are micro, small or medium-sized enterprises (micro/SMEs), knowledge management research has tended to focus on large companies Knowledge sharing can be critical for innovation performance, especially for smaller players with limited resources. Our study presents an insight from micro/SMEs operating in the highly knowledge-intensive and innovative games/entertainment software development sector. Using a mixed method approach, we investigate knowledge sharing and its contribution to firm innovation performance improvements. Our findings suggest that micro/SMEs are at the forefront of the creative sector precisely because of their smaller size. Our study reveals evidence of knowledge donation but limited evidence of knowledge collection in the knowledge sharing process. We develop a model highlighting the importance of industry context, individual knowledge and organizational size in knowledge sharing for innovation performance

Robust structure-based resonance assignment for functional protein studies by NMR

High-throughput functional protein NMR studies, like protein interactions or dynamics, require an automated approach for the assignment of the protein backbone. With the availability of a growing number of protein 3D structures, a new class of automated approaches, called structure-based assignment, has been developed quite recently. Structure-based approaches use primarily NMR input data that are not based on J-coupling and for which connections between residues are not limited by through bonds magnetization transfer efficiency. We present here a robust structure-based assignment approach using mainly HN–HN NOEs networks, as well as 1H–15N residual dipolar couplings and chemical shifts. The NOEnet complete search algorithm is robust against assignment errors, even for sparse input data. Instead of a unique and partly erroneous assignment solution, an optimal assignment ensemble with an accuracy equal or near to 100% is given by NOEnet. We show that even low precision assignment ensembles give enough information for functional studies, like modeling of protein-complexes. Finally, the combination of NOEnet with a low number of ambiguous J-coupling sequential connectivities yields a high precision assignment ensemble. NOEnet will be available under: http://www.icsn.cnrs-gif.fr/download/nmr

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life